Complex epilepsy

This page covers complex epilepsy, which is when a child experiences different types of seizures that are difficult to control with medication.

It also includes links to essential information to help you get further support for a child in school.

What is complex epilepsy? 

Sometimes, the term ‘complex epilepsy’ is used when a child has different seizure types that persist despite anti-seizure medications

When the seizures can’t be controlled by two anti-seizure medications – alone or in combination – this is known as ‘drug-resistant epilepsy’, which is also referred to as ‘intractable’, ‘refractory’ or ‘uncontrolled’ epilepsy.

A child with drug-resistant epilepsy should be referred to an epilepsy specialist to work out why their seizures aren’t controlled and to consider other treatment options, including:

Children with drug-resistant epilepsy may be more likely to be affected with developmental problems and will need more help in school. 

If you’re concerned about a child and their progress, you should speak to the child’s consultant about your concerns, and to their school about getting the right extra support.

Find out more about additional support at school.

Last updated December 2023.

We’re currently reviewing this information. The next update will be 2025. If you would like to find out more about how we produce our information, or the sources of evidence we use, please contact us at healthinfo@youngepilepsy.org.uk

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